Bagaimana Susu Ibu Terhasil?

Pernah tak persoalan ni bermain di fikiran anda? Pernah tak tertanya-tanya macamana ia terjadi? Kalau pernah..sama la dengan saya. Besar sungguh kuasa Allah yang menjadikan susu ibu ini ye..Subhanallah! Secara sains macamana ia terhasil ye? Cari punya cari..saya jumpa jawapannya.. Berikut adalah jawapan yang saya jumpa dan saya nak share dengan anda semua.. Semoga dengan mengetahui bagaimana susu ibu terhasil, mummies akan lebih menghargai betapa bagusnya baby kerap menyusu..dan betapa perlunya menyusu dengan kerap.

The process starts during pregnancy

If you're pregnant, you've probably noticed a metamorphosis in your bra cups. Those physical changes — tender, swollen breasts, and darkened nipples and areolas (the circle of skin surrounding your nipple) — may be one of your earliest clues that you've conceived. Experts believe the color change of the areola may also be a helpful aid to breastfeeding. It's nature's way of providing a visual guide that helps newborns nurse successfully (hey, dinner's over here!). Another pregnancy signal: the appearance of tiny bumps around your areola called the glands of Montgomery (named after the British obstetrician who first described them), which also play a role in breastfeeding. These bumps produce an oily substance that cleanses, lubricates, and protects the nipple from infection during nursing.

What's going on inside your breasts

Perhaps even more remarkable than this visible transformation is the extensive changes taking place inside your breasts. Your developing placenta stimulates the release of estrogen and progesterone, which in turn stimulate the complex biological system that makes lactation possible.



Before pregnancy, a combination of supportive tissue, milk glands, and protective fat makes up a large portion of your breasts. (The amount of fatty tissue varies among women, which is why breasts come in such a variety of sizes and shapes.) In fact, your newly tender, swollen breasts have been preparing for your pregnancy since you were a 6-week-old embryo in your own mother's womb. By the time you were born, your main milk ducts — a network of canals that transport milk through your breasts — had already formed. Your mammary glands stayed quiet until puberty, when a flood of the female hormone estrogen caused them to grow and swell. During pregnancy, those glands shift into high gear.

By the time your baby is born, glandular tissue has replaced most of the fat cells and accounts for your bigger-than-ever breasts. Each one may get as much as 1½ pounds heavier!

Nestled amid the fat cells and glandular tissue is an intricate network of channels or canals called milk ducts. Pregnancy hormones cause the milk ducts to increase in number and size; the ducts then branch off into smaller canals near the chest wall called ductules. At the end of each one is a cluster of small, grapelike sacs called alveoli. A cluster of alveoli is called a lobule; a cluster of lobules is called a lobe. Each breast contains between 15 and 20 lobes, with one milk duct for every lobe.

Milk is produced inside the alveoli, which are surrounded by tiny muscles that squeeze the glands and push milk out into the ductules. Those ductules lead to a bigger duct that widens into a milk pool or milk sinus directly beneath the areola. Milk pools act as reservoirs that hold milk until your baby suckles it through tiny openings in your nipple. (You can think of the 15 or 20 milk ducts as individual straws that all end at the tip of your nipple and deliver milk into your baby's mouth.) Your milk duct system becomes fully developed sometime during your second trimester, so you can nurse your baby even if he arrives prematurely.

Production heats up after the baby is born

Milk production and prolactin

You'll begin full-scale milk production within 72 hours of delivering your baby. Scientifically speaking, this period is called lactogenesis. Once you expel your hormone-producing placenta, the estrogen and progesterone levels in your body suddenly drop. At the same time, the level of the hormone prolactin rises. This pituitary gland hormone signals your body to make lots of milk to nourish your baby. Laboratory studies also show that prolactin may make you feel more "motherly," which is why some experts call it the mothering hormone.

As your body readies itself for lactation, it pumps extra blood into the alveoli, making your breasts firm and full. Swollen blood vessels, combined with an abundance of milk, may make your breasts temporarily painful and engorged, but nursing frequently in the first few days will help relieve any discomfort.

First comes colostrum

During the early days of breastfeeding, your baby will enjoy a creamy, high-protein, low-fat substance called colostrum. You may have leaked a few drops of this thick, yellowish substance during the final weeks of your pregnancy (some women have this happen during their second trimester). This "first milk" is produced as the cells in the center of the alveoli dissolve and flow through the milk ducts and out the nipple. The precious, easily digestible liquid is chock-full of disease-fighting antibodies called immunoglobulins that strengthen your baby's immune system.

How milk flows from you to your baby

For your baby to enjoy your milk, it must be "let down" or released from the internal alveoli. Here's how it happens: As your baby sucks your nipple, he stimulates the pituitary gland to release oxytocin — as well as prolactin — into your bloodstream. When it reaches your breast, oxytocin causes the tiny muscles around the milk-filled alveoli to contract and squeeze. The nourishing liquid is emptied into the ducts, which transport it to the milk pools just below the areola. When he suckles, your nursing infant presses the milk from the pools into his mouth.



During the first days of nursing, you may feel some cramps in your abdomen as your baby sucks. This usually mild discomfort signals the release of oxytocin, which helps shrink your uterus back to its pre-pregnancy size. (This same hormone caused your uterus to contract during labor.) Another signal: You may feel calm, satisfied, and joyful as you nurse. No wonder some people call oxytocin the hormone of love!

During the first days of nursing, you may feel some cramps in your abdomen as your baby sucks. This usually mild discomfort signals the release of oxytocin, which helps shrink your uterus back to its pre-pregnancy size. (This same hormone caused your uterus to contract during labor.) Another signal: You may feel calm, satisfied, and joyful as you nurse. No wonder some people call oxytocin the hormone of love!

As your milk flow increases, you may also feel some tingling, stinging, burning, or prickling in your breasts. Your milk may drip or even spray during letdown. Many women compare breastfeeding to learning how to ride a bike: It may be tricky at first, but once you — and your baby — get the hang of it, it becomes second nature.

source : http://www.babycenter.com.my/baby/breastfeeding/makingbreastmilk/


How much milk is needed?

Ongoing, long-term milk production depends mostly on milk removal. The more often milk is removed and the more completely it is removed, the more milk the breasts make. The opposite is also true. When milk is removed less often or an insufficient amount is removed, the breasts get the signal to slow milk production and make less. Milk removal occurs when a baby effectively breastfeeds.

Effective breastfeeding requires effective sucking by the baby so that enough milk is transferred from the breast into the baby's mouth where it is swallowed. To suck effectively, a baby must latch deeply onto the breast and use the structures in his/her mouth to create intermittent (periodic) suction and also compress the milk sinuses (enlarged area of milk ducts) lying beneath the areola - the area about 1½ to 2 inches behind the nipple tip. Proper sucking signals the mother's body to release the hormone oxytocin, which results in a greater transfer of milk with the milk-ejection reflex (MER), or milk "let down."

If a baby is not breastfeeding effectively, milk transfer also can be accomplished through milk expression techniques. When using manual expression, a mother compresses the milk sinuses by hand to remove milk. Breast pumps remove milk by creating suction, and a few also have features that compress milk sinuses to some degree. Generally, the milk-ejection reflex is triggered during milk expression sessions, especially if frequent and regular sessions occur.

Source : http://childrensnyp.org/mschony/P02866.html

Kesimpulannya

1) Susuilah baby anda dengan kerap. Lagi banyak susu keluar daripada breast, lagi banyak susu akan dihasilkan!

2) Pastikan baby hisap dengan cara yang betul. Perlekapan mulut baby yang betul di aerola akan memberi isyarat kepada badan ibu untuk merembeskan hormon oksitosin.

3) 2 hormon penting semasa breastfeeding adalah prolaktin dan juga oksitosin. (bleh rujuk artikel yang pernah saya post : Hormon-hormon semasa kehamilan di bawah label kehamilan)

"Hormon oksitosin dibebaskan sebagai tindak balas terhadap penarikan serviks atau rangsangan kepada puting buah dada. Ia mengakibatkan pengecutan uterus supaya kelahiran berlaku dengan cepat. Ia juga merangsang kelenjar-kelenjar susu untuk menghasilkan susu. Paras progesteron yang tinggi akan menghalang kesan oksitosin. Hanya apabila paras progesteron menurun disaat kelahiran, barulah kesan hormon ini dapat dirasai"

"Hormon prolaktin dihasilkan oleh buah pinggang bayi dan pengeluarannya berkurangan kira-kira satu minggu selepas kelahiran. Paras itu kekal tinggi dalam darah ibu untuk kira-kira 2 minggu selepas kelahiran. Prolaktin adalah penting untuk pengawalan metabolisme ibu semasa kehamilan dan membantu dalam rangsangan pertumbuhan sel sistem imun. Ia membantu buah dada dalam persediaan untuk penyusuan dan menggalakkan pertumbuhan bayi"

4) Dalam breast kita ni ada tisu-tisu yang lembut..so jangan la ganas sangat semasa memerah susu ye..takut tisu bleh rosak..takde spare part jual kat kedai..

Lain-lain kesimpulan..anda fikirla sendiri..penat la nak fikirkan..hehe..nanti jangan lupa beritahu saya ye..

P/s : Sori artikel dlm english..malas nak translate! Takut plak salah translate nanti..hhehe..